Skin Mucus Proteome Analysis Reveals Disease-Resistant Biomarker Signatures in Hybrid Grouper (Epinephelus fuscoguttatus ♀ × Epinephelus lanceolatus ♂) against Vibrio alginolyticus

Fish skin mucus is the first line of defense that provides physical and chemical barriers against pathogens toxins. The produced continuously sloughed off regularly from to defend infections through skin. However, molecular properties content prevent pathogen invasion are yet be fully understood. In this study, a proteomic approach using liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LCMS) was applied explore changes in protein resistant susceptible groupers response Vibrio alginolyticus. Vibrio-resistant showed no observable clinical sign infection after immersion challenge, while Vibrio-susceptible presented either hemorrhagic- or non-hemorrhagic ulceration A comparative proteome analysis on samples yielded 1488 identified proteins. immune-related proteins, namely Cystatin B, Complement Component C6, factor 1, Allograft inflammatory Deleted malignant brain tumors protein, MHC class 1 Annexin A1, were significantly abundant group responded V. alginolyticus infection. Interestingly, there an expression proteins possibly could non-invasive biomarkers, 3-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase type 2 L-rhamnose-binding lectin SML.